ABSTRACT
A type of new-coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) was isolated. The first death caused by this virus occurred on January 9, 2020, in Wuhan and since then >600 million cases and more than six million deaths have occurred worldwide. This disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The disease is mainly spread between people through respiratory droplets that come from coughing and sneezing.There is currently no treatment that has been shown to be both safe and effective for patients who are suffering from life-threatening complications due to severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Convalescent plasma has showed promise as a treatment for adults infected with SARS-CoV 2, but it is not without its downsides. Convalescent immune plasma is plasma that has been obtained from a person who has recovered from an infection and developed antibodies after the infection has been cleared up. The maximum plasma dose that should be administered during convalescence is 5 mL/KgBW. It is advised that patients who are severely ill or in critical condition receive this plasma, but other sites also encourage using it for preventative purposes. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The 2019 novel coronavirus, also known as coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or 2019-nCoV, is an enveloped virus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA that causes a disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019. (COVID-19). As an immunology response, cells produce soluble proteins called cytokines during inflammatory or immune reactions. Cytokines are intercellular messengers that regulate local and generalized inflammation in response to external antigens or wounds, which control the healing process.In patients with severe COVID-19, an intense cytokine reaction might developed, which known as a cytokine storm.We aim to review the role of cytokines in COVID-19. Method(s): The full-text English articles served as the source for the data that was collected for this systematic review. The objective of this research was to ascertain the cytokine levels present in individuals who were diagnosed with Covid-19. Pubmed and Google Scholar are the two databases that were employed during the production of this essay. The PICO analysis was used to include Covid-19 patients, and the cytokine patient served as the index. This analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) paradigm, in which the researchers originally entered keywords into each database. Result(s): 1022 articles from the Googlescholar database and 244 articles from Pubmed journals were identified in the last 3 years, and 4 cross-sectionalarticles are eligible for this study. These studies show that cytokines were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients and showed the severity of the condition. Several cytokines, G-CSF, HGF, IL-10, IL-18, M-CSF, and SCGF-beta were found correlated with COVID-19 severity. Blood levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were substantial and independent predictors of patient survival (P 0.0001, P = 0.0205, and P = 0.0140, respectively). Conclusion(s): There are several cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Elevation of these cytokines were related to disease severity, worse disease progression and development of organ damage. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.